Standard library

Userland modules for I/O, strings, files, process, JSON, encoding, crypto, collections, networking, and more.

Import policy

User programs import only std/… modules. There are no free built-ins: output is io.print, conversion is str.from_int, and networking is accessed through its module.

Public surface

Each module page documents every public export from that module’s \ line in std/ as a package page: introduction, constants, structs with methods, then free functions. Each callable has prose, an example, and parameter/return notes. Helpers used only by co-located tests are not public. There are 41 modules and 224 public exports.

Browse the full index under API reference, or open a module from the Standard library nav.

Modules

/ std/io                 ; print, log, eprint
/ std/str                ; from_int, from_float, from_bytes, from_duration, from_locator, from_debug, …
/ std/bytes              ; len, is_empty, get, slice, cat, from_int, …
/ std/list               ; len, is_empty, get, contains, sum_ints, sort_ints
/ std/time               ; now_ms, sleep_ms, mono_ms, format, parse
/ std/math               ; abs_i, min, max, sqrt, sin, cos, …
/ std/bufio              ; lines, read_lines
/ std/test               ; it, eq, ne, true, false, fail
/ std/reflect            ; kind, kind_name, key_bytes, is_int, is_string, is_bytes, …
/ std/path               ; join, is_abs, file_name, parent, extension, clean, …
/ std/fs                 ; exists, is_file, is_dir, join, read, write, …
/ std/process            ; args, env, env_set, env_unset, exit, run, …
/ std/os                 ; pid, cwd, chdir, hostname, platform
/ std/json               ; parse, stringify
/ std/encoding/hex       ; encode, decode
/ std/encoding/base64    ; encode, decode
/ std/encoding/csv       ; parse_line, parse, format_line
/ std/compress/gzip      ; compress, decompress
/ std/compress/zip       ; pack, unpack_first
/ std/collections/map    ; map, make, from_indexed
/ std/collections/set    ; set, make, from_list
/ std/collections/queue  ; queue, make
/ std/collections/hash_table ; hash_table, make
/ std/crypto/hash        ; sha256, sha512, sip
/ std/crypto/hmac        ; sha256
/ std/crypto/aes_gcm     ; encrypt, decrypt
/ std/crypto/random      ; fill, u64
/ std/random             ; seed, u64, float
/ std/log                ; emit, debug, info, warn, error, kv, …
/ std/net/tcp            ; conn, listener, listen, connect, accept, read, …
/ std/net/udp            ; bind, send_to, recv_from, close, socket
/ std/net/unix           ; listener, conn, listen, accept, connect, read, …
/ std/net/tls            ; listener, conn, listen, accept, connect, read, …
/ std/net/dns            ; lookup
/ std/net/url            ; parse, format
/ std/net/http           ; request, response, server, text_response, html_response, json_response, …
/ std/net/http_client    ; get, request, get_tls, request_tls
/ std/net/request        ; request
/ std/net/response       ; response
/ std/net/server         ; server
/ std/cli                ; parse, has, get, positionals

Every import binds one module name from the final path segment. Folder modules such as std/net/tcp and std/crypto/hash combine exports from the Echo files in that folder.

Values at the boundary

Output accepts strings. Socket and file reads often return bytes. Convert explicitly with std/str. Network listeners and connections are named structs passed by reference, so aliases share the same underlying resource.

Network failures

Many network constructors report failure with a resource whose handle is 0 and open is false. Writes return -1 on failure. TCP reads return empty bytes on EOF or failure; UDP receive returns an empty data/from product on failure.